There is no research on the timing, sequencing and number of changes in family environment and their influences on sexual and reproductive health outcomes in Africa. Using a population-based survey with data on family structure at three points in the life course, this paper examines the influences of these family structure dynamics on the timing of first sex among unmarried males and females aged 12-24 years in Cameroon. The number and timing of family transitions significantly impacted the timing of sexual debut for both males and females. The median age at first sex (18.7 years) is higher among young people without family transition than among those with one transition (18.2 years) or two transitions (17.7 years). Family transitions occurring during childhood were significantly associated with premature sexual initiation for females but not for males. Reproductive health and social development interventions for young people in Africa should integrate the changing contexts and transitions in family structure (Afr J Reprod Health 2012 (Special Edition); 16[2]: 147-172).

 

Résumé

Il n’existe pas des recherches sur l’occurrence, les séquences  et le nombre de modifications  des structures familiales ainsi que leurs influences sur la santé sexuelle et de reproduction en Afrique.  A partir  des données d’une enquête basée sur la population ayant collecté des informations sur les structures familiales à trois différents moments au cours de la vie chez les célibataires des deux sexes âgés de 12 a 24 ans au Cameroun, cette étude examine les effets de la dynamique des structures familiales sur le début de l’activité sexuelle.  Le nombre de transitions familiales et leur occurrence sont significativement associés à l’âge au premier rapport sexuel tant chez les filles que chez les garçons.  L’âge moyen au premier rapport sexuel est plus élevé chez les répondants n’ayant vécue aucune transition familiale (18,7 ans) que ceux qui ont connu une transition (18,2 ans) ou deux transitions familiales (17,7 ans).  Une transition familiale survenue durant l’enfance influence l’entrée en sexualité des familles, mais pas celles des garçons.  Les activités d’intervention en santé de reproduction et développement social des jeunes en Afrique doivent intégrer les changements des contextes  et transitions des structures familiales (Afr J Reprod Health 2012 (Special Edition); 16[2]: 147-172).

 

  Keywords: Family structure, sexuality, reproductive health, social development, young people, Africa

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Timaeus IM, Boler T. Father figures: The progress at school of orphans in South Africa. AIDS. 2007;21(Supplement 7):S83-S93.

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Lloyd CB, Desai S. Children's Living Arrangements in Developing Countries. Population Research and Policy Review. 1992;11(3):193-216.

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McDaniel A, Zulu E. Mothers, fathers, and children:

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Regional patterns in child-parent residence in subSaharan Africa. African Population Studies. 1996;11(1):1-28.

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Monascha R, Boerma JT. Orphanhood and childcare patterns in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of national surveys from 40 countries. AIDS. 2004;18(Supplement 2):S55-S65.

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Cavanagh SE, Huston AC. Family instability and children’s early problem behavior. Social Forces 2006;85(1):551-581.

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Magnuson K, Berger LM. Family structure states and transitions: Associations with children’s well-being during middle childhood. Journal of Marriage and Family. 2011;71(3):575-591.

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Markham CM, Lormand D, Gloppen KM, et al. Connectedness as a predictor of sexual and reproductive health outcomes for youth. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2010;46:S23-S41.

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Singh S, Wulf D, Samara R, Cuca YP. Gender differences in the timing of first intercourse: Data from 14 countries. International Family Planning Perspectives. 2000;26(1):21-28 & 43.

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McGrath N, Nyirenda M, Hosegood V, Newell M-L. Age at first sex in rural South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009;85(Supplement I):i49– i55.

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Zaba B, Pisani E, Slaymaker E, Boerma JT. Age at first sex: Understanding recent trends in African demographic surveys. Sexually Transmitted

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Gupta N, Mahy M. Sexual Inition Among Adolescents

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Girls and Boys: Trends and Differentials in SubSaharan Africa. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2003;32(1):41-53.

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Luke N. Age and economic asymmetries in the sexual relationships of adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies in Family Planning. 2003;34(2):67 - 86.

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Kuate Defo B. Program for adolescent reproductive health promotion in Cameroon: design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and dissemination of findings (1995-2008). A multiphase-multilevel intervention research program funded by the Rockefeller Foundation (New York, USA), 179 pages.

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Mensch BS, Grant MJ, Blanc AK. The changing context of sexual initiation in sub-Saharan Africa. Population and Development Review.

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Hewett PC, Mensch BS, Erulkar AS. Consistency in the reporting of sexual behaviour by adolescent girls in Kenya: a comparison of interviewing methods. Sexually Transmitted Infections.

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Kitzinger J. "'I'm Sexually Attractive but I'm Powerful': Young Women Negotiating Sexual Reputation". Women's Studies International Forum.

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Madise N, Zulu E, Ciera J. Is poverty a driver for risky sexual behaviour? Evidence from national surveys of adolescents in four African countries. African Journal of Reproductive Health. 2007;11(3):83-98.

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