Prevalence of malaria at booking among antenatal clients in a secondary health care facility in Ibadan, Nigeria
), Olayemi O(2), Dada-Adegbola H.O(3), Aimakhu C.O(4), Ademowo O.G(5), Salako L.A(6),
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Corresponding Author
Abstract
The prevalence of malaria parasitemia at booking was studied in 1,848 pregnant women in a secondary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Main outcome variables were patent parasitemia and fever. 8.4% had patent malaria parasitaemia. Most clients (89%) with parasitemia were asymptomatic. Febrile subjects booked at an earlier gestational age [22.7 versus 24.2 weeks] than afebrile patients (p = 0.0052). Anemia was more prevalent among patients with patent parasitemia than those without (58.1% versus 22.6%, p<0.0001). Malaria parasitaemia was higher among nulliparous women than other parity groups (p<0.0001). Symptomatic malaria was associated with early booking for antenatal care and malaria parasitemia was a significant determinant of anemia. The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in this study is much lower than in previous reports. (Afr J Reprod Health 2008; 12[2]:141-152)
RÉSUMÉPrévalence du paludisme au moment de l’inscription chez les clients pour le service prénatal auprès d’un Centre de santé secondaire à Ibadan, Nigeria. L’ étude sur la prévalence de la parasitémie du paludisme au moment de l’inscription a été menée auprès des 1,848 femmes enceintes dans un hôpital secondaire à Ibadan, Nigéria. Les principaux variables de résultat étaient la parasitémie évidente et la fièvre. 8.4 %( 155/1848) avaient la parasitémie du paludisme évidente. La plupart des sujets (89%) qui avaient la parasitémie étaient asymptomatiques. Les sujets fébriles se sont inscrites à un âge gestationnel plus jeune [22,7 semaines par opposition à 24,2 semaines] que les patientes afébriles (p=0,0052). L’anémie était plus significativement prévalente chez les patientes qui avaient la parasitémie évidente (58, 1%) par rapport à des patientes qui n’en avaient pas (58,1% contre, 22,6%, p<0,0001). Les femmes nullipares avaient une incidence plus élevée de la parasitémie du paludisme par rapport aux autres groupes de parité (p<0001). La prévalence du paludisme dans cette étude est beaucoup inférieure par rapport aux résultats signalés dans le passé. Le paludisme symptomatique a été lié à l’inscription précoce pour le service prénatal et la parasitémie du paludisme était un déterminant important de l’anémie. (Rev Afr Santé Reprod 2008; 12[2]:141-152)
KEY WORDS: Malaria parasitaemia prevalence antenatal care clients
References
WHO. A Strategic framework for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy in the African region. Brazzaville 2004, WHO Regional Office for Africa (01)
Guyatt HL, Snow RW. The epidemiology and burden of Plasmodium falciparumrelated anemia among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001 Jan;64(1-2 Suppl):36-44.
Aimakhu CO, Olayemi O. Maternal hematocrit and pregnancy outcome in Nigerian women. West Afr J Med 2003 Jan; 22(1):18-21.
Olayemi O, Fehintola FA, Osungbade A, Aimakhu CO, Udoh ES, Adeniji AR: Pattern of chloroquine-induced pruritus in antenatal patients at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. J Obstet Gynaecol 2003 Sep; 23(5):490-5.
Yartey JE. Malaria in pregnancy: Access to effective interventions in Africa. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006 Sep;94(3):364-73.
Ashley E, McGready R, Proux S, Nosten F: Malaria. Travel Med Infect Dis 2006 May;4(34):159-73.
Sarr D, Marrama L, Gaye A, Dangou JM, Niang M, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Lehesran JY, Jambou R. High prevalence of placental malaria and low birth weight in Sahelian periurban area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006 Jul;75(1):171-7.
DHS: Demographic health survey 2003; National population commission, Federal Republic of Nigeria. Ed. ORC Macro Calverton, Maryland USA/USAID.
Gharoro EP, Igbafe AA Antenatal care: some characteristics of the booking visit in a major teaching hospital in the developing world. Med Sci Monit. 2000 May-
Jun;6(3):519-22
Ebeigbe PN, Igberase GO Antenatal care: a comparison of demographic and obstetric characteristics of early and late attenders in the Niger Delta, Nigeria Med Sci Monit. 2005 Nov;11(11):CR529-32.
Gharoro EP, Okonkwo CA. Changes in service organization: antenatal care policy to improve attendance and reduce maternal mortality. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999 Dec;67(3):179-8
Ikeako LC, Onah HE, Iloabachie GC. Influence of formal maternal education on the use of maternity services in Enugu, Nigeria. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Jan;26 (1):30-4
Osubor KM, Fatusi AO, Chiwuzie JC Maternal health-seeking behavior and associated factors in a rural Nigerian community. Matern Child Health J. 2006 Mar;10(2):159-69
Okunlola MA, Ayinde OA, Owonikoko KM, Omigbodun AO. Factors influencing gestational age at antenatal booking at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. J Obstet Gynaecol 2006 Apr;26(3):195-7.
Declaration of Helsinki: The world medical association: Recommendations guiding medical doctors in biomedical research involving human subjects. http://www. fda.gov/oc/health/helsinki.89
Falade C, Mokuolu O, Okafor H, Orogade A, Falade A, Adedoyin A, Oguonu T, Maman A, Hamer DH and Callahan MV Epidemiology of congenital malaria in Nigeria: a multi-centre study. Trop Med Inter
Health. 2007 12 (In press)
Trappe JF. Rapid evaluation of malaria parasite density and standardization of thick smear examination for epidemiological investigation. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1985:79:181-184.
Egwunyenga AO, Ajayi JA, Nmorsi OP, Duhlinska-Popova DD. Plasmodium/ intestinal helminth co-infections among pregnant Nigerian women. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001 Nov;96(8):1055-9.
Anorlu RI, Odum CU, Essien EE.
Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia in pregnant women at booking in a primary health care facility in a periurban community in Lagos, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci 2001;30 Suppl:3941.
Nnaji GA, Okafor CI, Ikechebelu JI. An evaluation of the effect of parity and age on malaria parasitaemia in pregnancy J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Nov; 26(8):755-8.
Robert V, Macintyre K, Keating J, Trape JF, Duchemin JB, Warren M, Beier JC. et al 2003, Malaria transmission in urban sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Top Med Hyg. 68: 169-76
Byrne N. Urban malaria risk in sub-Saharan Africa: where is the evidence? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2007 Mar;5(2):135-7.
Akanbi OM, Odaibo AB, Afolabi KA, Ademowo OG. Effect of self-medication with antimalarial drugs on malaria infection in pregnant women in South-Western
Nigeria. Med Princ Pract 2005 Jan;14(1):6-9.
Idowu OA, Mafiana CF, Dapo S. Malaria among pregnant women in Abeokuta,
Nigeria. Tanzan Health Res Bull 2006 Jan;8(1) :28-31.
Onyenekwe CC, Meludu SC, Dioka CE, Salimonu LS. Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia amongst pregnant women. Indian J Malariol 2002 Sep;39(34):60-5.
Adam I, Khamis AH, Elbashir MI.
Prevalence and risk factors for anaemia in pregnant women of eastern Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2005 Oct;99(10):739-43.
Egwunyenga OA, Ajayi JA, DuhlinskaPopova DD. Malaria in pregnancy in Nigerians: seasonality and relationship to splenomegaly and anaemia. Indian J Malariol 1997 Mar; 34(1):17-24.
Achidi EA, Kuoh AJ, Minang JT, Ngum B,
Achimbom BM, Motaze SC, Ahmadou MJ, Troye-Blomberg M. Malaria infection in pregnancy and its effects on hemoglobin levels in women from a malaria endemic area of Fako Division, South West Province, Cameroon. J Obstet Gynaecol 2005 Apr;
(3):235-40
Article Metrics
Abstract View
: 520 times
Download : 0 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
