1. Home
  2. Vol 19, No 4 (2015)
  3. Ekpenyong

Clinical Investigations and Management of Refractive Changes in Pregnancy: A Case Report

Bernadine N Ekpenyong(1), Nwakuso A Aruotu(2), Ebele B Uzodike(3), Chimela G Njoku(4),


(1) Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar Nigeria; Benita eye Clinic, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
(2) Department of ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt, River State
(3) Department of Optometry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State Nigeria
(4) Benita eye Clinic, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author

Abstract


Pregnancy also presents with ocular changes, just as it affects other non - reproductive systems of the female. It has been reported to be associated with development of new health conditions or can exacerbate pre- existing health conditions. This paper reviews the management of Mrs AA, a 41 year old pregnant woman (primigravida) with refractive changes from myopia in the first trimester, to hyperopia in the second and third trimesters of her pregnancy. A comprehensive ocular examination was performed including fundus photograph and Optical Coherent Tomography. The results revealed signs of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in both eyes which may have been due to various hormonal changes in pregnancy with resultant changes in refractive error. These ocular changes associated with pregnancy are, most often transient in nature, though occasionally permanent. This condition therefore requires clinical observation and monitoring until the resolution of the serous detachment is complete, and vision returned back to normal. Other ocular changes that are pregnancy related were reviewed. (Afr J Reprod Health 2015; 19[4]: 107-117).

References


Barbazetto IA and Pizzarello LD. Ocular changes during

pregnancy. Compr ophthalmol update. 2007; 8 (3): 155 – 67.

Sheth BP and Meller WF. Ocular complications of

pregnancy. Curr opin ophthalmol 2001; 12 (6): 455 – 518.

Sharma S, Rekha W, Sharma T and Downey G.

Refractive Issues in pregnancy. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2006; 46 (3): 186-188.

Sunness JS. The pregnant woman‘s eye. Survey of

ophthalmology 1988; 32 (4): 219-255.

Pizzarello CD. Refractive changes in pregnancy. Graefes

archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. 2003; 24 (6): 484-492.

Evryidiki AB, Panagiotis K and Constantin JP. Central

serous chorioretinopathy and glucocorticoids. Survey of Ophthalmol 2002; 47 (5): 431 – 448.

Spitznas M and Huke J. Number, shape and topography

of leakage points in acute type 1 cental serous retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1987; 225: 437 – 440.

Wang M, Sander B, LaCour M and Larsen M. Clinical

characteristics of subretinal deposits in central serous chorioretinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2005; 83: 691–696.

Haimovici R, Koh S, Gagnon DR. Risk factors for

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, a case control study. Ophthalmology 2004; 111: 244.

Rezai KA and Elliot D. Optical Coherent Tomography

Ekpenyong et al. Managing Refractive Changes During Pregnancy

African Journal of Reproductive Health December 2015; 19 (4): 117

findings in pregnancy associated Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Graefe‘s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 242 : 1014 – 1016.

Chenug A and Scott IU. Ocular changes during

pregnancy. Ophthalmic pearls comprehensive AAO 2012: 40 – 43.

Gackle HC, Lang GE, Freissler KA and Lang GK.

Central serous chorioretinopathy. Clinical, fluorescein angiography and demographic aspects. Ophthalmologe 1998; 95: 529–533.

Wang M, Munch K, Hasler PW, Prante C and Larsen M.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Acta Ophthalmol 2008; 86: 126 – 145.

Khairallah M, Nouria F, Gharsallah R and Chachis N.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in a pregnant women. J. Fr. Ophthalmol 1996; 19:216-221.

Chumbley LC and Frank RN. Central serous retinopathy

and pregnancy. Am J Ophthalmol 1974; 77 - 158.

Cruysberg JR and Deutman AF. Visual disturbances

during pregnancy caused by central serous choroidopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1982; 66 -240.

Sunness, J.S. The pregnant woman‘s eye. Survey of

ophthalmology 1988; 32 (4): 219-255.

Kio W. Central serous choroidopathy associated with

pregnancy. J of Ophthalmic Nursing and Technology 1992; 11(5):203 – 205.

Prado RS, Figueiredo EL and Magalhaes TV. Retinal

detachment in preeclampsia Ara Bras Cardiol 2002; 79: 183-189.

Garg P and Aggarwal P. Ocular changes in pregnancy.

Nepal J. Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (7); 150 – 161.

Dinn RB, Harris A and Marcus PS. Ocular changes in

pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2003; 58:137 -144.

Cunningham F G, Fernandez C O and Harnesdez C.

Blindness associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172 (4): 1291 – 1298.

Sunness J S, Haller J A and Fine S L. Central serous

choroidopathy and pregnancy. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111 (3): 360 – 364.

Rachel N.N. Early Ocular and Non Ocular indicatives of

diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmic and physiological optics: John Wiloy and Sons, 1998; 18 (2): 167-173.

Weinreb RN and Lu A, Beeson. Maternal corneal

thickness during pregnancy. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1988; 105:258.

Riss B and Riss P. Corneal sensitivity in pregnancy.

Ophthalmologica 1981; 183: 57.

Omoti A E, Waziri-Erameh J M and Okeigbemen V W.

A review of the changes in the ophthalmic and visual system in pregnancy. African Journal of reproductive health 2008; 12(3): 185-195.

Sanke RF. Blepharoptosis as a complication of

pregnancy. Annals of Ophthalmology 1984; 16:720.

Esteve E, Sandeau L, and Pierre F. Physiological

cutaneous signs in normal pregnancy: A study of 60 pregnant women. Ann Dermatol Venerol 1994; 121- 227.

Gaikin AV. Condition of the microcirulatory bed of the

bulbar conjunctiva in physiological and pathological pregnancies. Arch Anat Gistol Embriol 1985; 89:36.

Vavilis D, Maloutas S, and Nasioutziki M. Conjunctiva

is an estrogen sensitive epithelium. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1995; 74:799.

Wang M, Sander B, Lund-Andersen H & Larsen M.

Detection of shallow detachments in central serous chorioretinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1999; 77: 402–405.

Leaver P and Williams S. Argon Laser

Photocoagulation in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. Br J ophthalmol 1997; 63: 674 – 677.


Full Text: PDF

Article Metrics

Abstract View : 685 times
PDF Download : 8 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.