Socio-demographic and environmental determinants of child mortality in rural communities of Ogun State, Nigeria
), Muyiwa Oladosun(2), Shalom Nwodo Chinedu(3), Akunna Ebere Azuh(4), Emelda Duh(5), Joy Nwosu(6),
(1) Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Public-Private Partnership Research Cluster, Covenant University Centre for Research Innovation and Discovery (CUCRID), Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
(2) Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
(3) Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC); Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
(4) Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
(5) Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
(6) Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author
Abstract
Nigeria’s under five-mortality was 132 per 1000 in 2018. The statistic makes Nigeria the country with the third-highest under-five mortality globally. It implies that the government may not achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of 25 per 1000 births by 2030. This situation is of grave concern to policymakers and other stakeholders interested in the country’s development. This study provides unique community micro-level information on child mortality determinants in rural communities where the country's health system is weakest. The study used a sample of 1350 pregnant women aged 20-44 who attended antenatal care in22 health facilities in selected rural communities of Ogun State, South-west Nigeria. The multicollinearity diagnostics tests conducted between the dependent variable and predictors showed no abnormality in the values of the variance inflation factor, eigenvalues, and condition indexes. Logistics regression results showed that the socio-demographic characteristics such as the respondent's age, educational level, number of living children, and husband’s education directly affected child mortality. In contrast, the husband has another wife had an indirect effect on child mortality. Environmental factors that directly impacted child mortality included the type of household toilet facility, source of water supply, and household waste disposal practices. These findings indicate that policies and programs to reduce child mortality in rural Nigeria must address socio-demographic and context-specific factors, especially at the community level. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[5s]: 158-169).
References
Suggested citation: United Nations Inter-agency Group
for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), ‘Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2019, Estimates developed by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation’, United Nations Children’s Fund, New York, 2019.
UNICEF (2012). WHO Countdown to 2015 Decade
Report (2000-2010): Taking Stock of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Survival.
Smith EG. Maternal Schooling and Child Mortality in
Nigeria: The importance of the Actual curriculum [Online] Available. 2010: Princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionld =100377.
Mesike CG and Mojekwu JN. Environmental
determinants of child mortality in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development. 2012; 5(1): 65-75.
Adebowale AS, Adeniyi FF, Oyewale M, Taiwo O,
Rotimi FA and Martin EP. Parental Educational homogamy and under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: Clarifying the association’s intricacy. Scientific African. 2020; 7 e00255, 1-17
United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality
Estimation (UN IGME). 2018. ‘Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2018, Estimates developed by the United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF): New York.
Yaya S, Bishwajit G, Okonofua F and Uthman OA.
Under-five mortality patterns and associated maternal risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa: A multi-country analysis. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13(10): e0205977. Pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0205977.
United Nations. 2015. Transforming Our World: The
Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/70/1. www.sustainabledevelpment.un.org.
National Population Commission (NPC) and ICF. 2019.
Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, 2018. Key Indicator Report. Abuja and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC & ICF.
Emenike CP, Tenebe IT, Omole DO, Ngene BU,
Oniemayin BI, Maxwell O and Onoka BI. Accessing Safe Drinking Water in sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and Challenges in South-West, Nigeria. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2017; http://dx.doi. org/101016/jscs201701.005.
Omole DO and Ndambuki JM. Sustainable Living in
Africa: Case of Water, sanitation, Air Pollution, and Energy. Sustainability. 2014; 6(8), 5187-5202.
WHO, UNICEF and Joint Water Supply & Sanitation
Monitoring Program (2013). Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water: 2013 Update. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO and UNICEF.
Cleveland M, Kalanness M and Laroche M. It is not easy
being Green. Exploring Green Creeds, Green Deeds, and Internal Environmental Locus of Control. Psychology and Marketing. 2012 29(5), 293-305.
Olukanni DO, Azuh DE, George TO, Ajayi MP and
Emenike PC. The Relevance of Policy and Practice on Sanitation Effort in Developing Nations: The Experience of a Semi-urban city in southwest Nigeria. 2014; Proceedings of ICERI 2014 Conference.
WHO and UNICEF (2015). 25 Years Progress on
Drinking Water and Sanitation 2015 Update and MDG Assessment. [Assessed 16/05/2016 at http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMP-Update-2015_English.pdf]
Adewemimo A, Kalter HD, Perin J, Koffi AK, Quinley J
and Black RE. Direct Estimates of Cause-specific Mortality Fractions and Rates of Under-five Deaths in the Northern and Southern Regions of Nigeria by Verbal Autopsy Interview. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12, e0178129.
Brown J, Sandy C and Jeroen HJE. Water, Sanitation,
Hygiene, and Enteric Infections in Children. Global Child Health, Arch Dis Child. 2013; 98: 629-634.
Adebowale SA, Morakinyo OM and Ana GR. Housing
materials as predictors of under-five mortality in Nigeria: evidence from 2013 demographic and health survey. BioMed Central (BMC) pediatrics. 2017; 17(1), 30.
Lelieveld J, Haines A and Pozzer A. Age-dependent
health risk from ambient air pollution: a modeling and data analysis of childhood mortality in middle-income and low-income countries. The Lancet Planetary health. 2018; 2(7), e292-e300.
Fasina F, Oni G, Azuh D and Oduaran A. Impact of
Mother’s Socio-demographic Factors and Antenatal Clinic Attendance on Neonatal Mortality in Nigeria. Cogent Social Sciences. 2020; 6(1), 1747328.
Adepoju AO, Akanni O and Falusi AO. Determinants of
child mortality in Rural Nigeria. World Rural
Observations. 2012; 4(2), 38-45.
WHO (2009). World Health Statistics, 2009. Geneva: The
World Health Organization.
Gebretsadik S and Gabreyohannes E. Determinants or
Under-Five Mortality in High Mortality Regions of Ethiopia: An analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Data. International Journal of Population Research. 2016; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1602761.
Ezeh OK, Agho KE, Dibley MJ, Hal JJ and Page AN. Risk
factors for post neonatal, infant, child, and under-5 mortality in Nigeria: a pooled cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Author Services. 2019; Vol. 5, Issue 3. http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/3/e006779.
Adeolu MO, Akpa OM, Adeolu AT and Aladeniyi IO.
“Environmental and Socioeconomic Determinants of Child Mortality: Evidence from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey.” American Journal of Public Health Research. 2016; vol. 4, no. 4: 134-141. doi: 10.12691/ajphr-4-4-3.
Mutunga CJ. Environmental determinants of child
mortality in Kenya. UNU-WIDER Research Paper No 2007/83. Helsinki: United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research. 2007;
Yaya S, Hudani A, Udenigwe O, Shah V, Ekholuenetale
M and Bishwajit G. Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices, and Housing Quality to Prevent Diarrhea among Under-Five Children in Nigeria. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2018; 3, 41; pp. 1-11. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed302004
World Health Organization. 2008. World Health
Organization and the United Nations children's fund Joint Monitoring Programme for water supply and sanitation. Progress on drinking water and sanitation: special focus on sanitation. In the World Health Organization and the United Nations children’s fund Joint Monitoring Programme for water supply and sanitation (JMP). Progress on drinking water and sanitation: special focus on sanitation. World Health Organization.
WHO (2013). Health Topics: Sanitation. http://www.
who.int/topics/sanitation/en/
WHO (2011). Ten Facts on Sanitation. http://www.
who.int/features/fact files/sanitation/en/index.html
WHO, UNICEF, and Joint Water Supply & Sanitation
Monitoring Program (2013). Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water: 2013 Update. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO and UNICEF.
WHO and UNICEF (2012). Progress on Drinking Water
and Sanitation 2012 Update in Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.
United Nations. 2015. Transforming our world: The 2030
agenda for sustainable development. Retrieved March 31, 2017, from https://www.un.org/.../120815_outcome-document-of-Summit-for-adoption-of-the-p
United Nations General Assembly. Transforming our
world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations, 2015. http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/ 70/1&Lang=E (accessed January 16, 2018).
Article Metrics
Abstract View
: 619 times
Download : 317 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
