Exploring intersections between gender-based violence and adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights in West Africa: A review of the literature produced in the sub-region
Abstract
This review, commissioned by the Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC), explores the intersection between gender-based violence (GBV) and adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights (ASRHR) in the Economic Community of West African States. It is imperative to understand this intersection for research, policy, and practice purposes in a sub-region characterized by high youthful populations with significant reproductive health challenges. A mapping exercise, literature review, and gap analysis were conducted. Findings indicate that several stakeholders and organizations exist, though few are youth-led or centred. Legislation and policies are not comprehensive or necessarily enforced in a context of legal pluralism where institutions and infrastructure in place for providing services are weak. There was minimal knowledge production from the region on the GBV-ASRHR intersections, uneven attention to the issues among countries, and intersections mainly focused on female genital mutilation and child marriage. Opportunities for addressing gaps and implications for research, policy, and practice, arising from the findings are discussed. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[4]: 118-134).
Full Text:
PDFReferences
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78600'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78600 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78601'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78601 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
United Nations Development Programme. Sustainable
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78602'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78602 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Development Goals. 2019 [accessed 2019 May 5]. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78603'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78603 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Van Eerdewijk A and Lodenstein E. The State of African
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78604'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78604 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Women Report. IPPF African Region, 2018. [accessed 2018 Spetember 24] https://www.kit.nl/project/state-of-african-women-report/.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78605'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78605 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
ICPD PoA. Reproductive Rights. In: ICPD Plan of
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78606'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78606 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Action; 1994.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78607'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78607 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
ICPD PoA. Reproductive Health. In: ICPD Plan of Action;
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78608'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78608 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78609'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78609 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
World Health Organization. Defining sexual health: report
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78610'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78610 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
from a technical consultation on sexual health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78611'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78611 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Decker MR, Latimore AD, Yasutake S, Haviland M,
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78612'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78612 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Ahmed S, Blum RW, Sonenstein F and Astone NM. Gender-Based Violence Against Adolescent and Young Adult Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Journal of Adolescent Health 2015; 56(2):188–196. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.003
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78613'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78613 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Heise L. What Works to Prevent Partner Violence? An
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78614'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78614 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Evidence Overview; 2011.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78615'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78615 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Gracia E. Intimate partner violence against women and
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78616'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78616 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
victim-blaming attitudes among Europeans. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2014; 92(5):380–381. doi:10.2471/BLT.13.131391
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78617'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78617 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Violence
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78618'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78618 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Against Girls and Women: A Public Health Priority. New York: UNFPA; 1999.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78619'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78619 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
UNFPA. Reproductive Health Effects of Gender-Based
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78620'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78620 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Violence: Policy and Programme Implications; 1998.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78621'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78621 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Adepoju A. Review of Research and Data on Human
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78622'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78622 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Trafficking in sub-Saharan Africa. International Migration 2005; 43(1/2):75–98.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78623'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78623 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Ngwena C and Durojaye E. Strengthening the protection
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78624'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78624 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the African region through human rights. Ngwena C, Durojaye E, eds. Pretoria: Pretoria University Law Press; 2014.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78625'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78625 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Dartnall E and Jewkes R. Sexual violence against women:
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78626'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78626 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
The scope of the problem. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2013; 27(1):3–13. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.002
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78627'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78627 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Channon AA, Falkingham J and Matthews Z. Sexual and
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78628'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78628 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
reproductive health and poverty. In: Malarchar S, editor. Social determinants of sexual and reproductive health: Informing future research and programme implementation. Geneva: WHO; 2010. p. 73–92.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78629'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78629 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Denno DM, Hoopes AJ and Chandra-Mouli V. Effective
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78630'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78630 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
strategies to provide adolescent sexual and reproductive health services and to increase demand and community support. Journal of Adolescent Health 2015; 56(1):S22–S41. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.012
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78631'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78631 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Compernolle L. The Road Ahead for Young People and
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78632'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78632 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Contraception in West Africa. Washington, DC; 2015.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78633'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78633 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Bott S. Sexual violence and coercion: implications for
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78634'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78634 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
sexual and reproductive health. In: Malarcher S, editor. Social determinants of sexual and reproductive health: Informing future research and programme implementation. Geneva: WHO; 2010. p. 133–157.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78635'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78635 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
ACPF. The African Report on Violence against Children.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78636'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78636 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Addis Ababa; 2014. doi:10.15713/ins.mmj.3
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78637'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78637 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Bauer GR. Incorporating intersectionality theory into
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78638'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78638 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
population health research methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Social Science and Medicine 2014;110:10–17. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.022
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78639'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78639 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Lykke N. Feminist Studies: A Guide to Intersectional
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78640'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78640 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Theory, Methodology and Writing. New York: Routledge; 2010.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78641'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78641 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Darko A. Faceless. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers; 2003.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78642'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78642 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Okanlawon K, Reeves M and Agbaje OF. Contraceptive
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78643'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78643 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Use: Knowledge, Perceptions and Attitude Refugee Youths in Oru Refugee Camp, Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health 2010; 14(4):17–26.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78644'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78644 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
United Nations Department of Economic and Social
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78645'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78645 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Affairs (UNDESA) Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision; 2017.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78646'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78646 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
West African Health Organization. Adolescent and Youth
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78647'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78647 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Health Situational Analysis, including Sexual and Reproductive Health, within ECOWAS. Bobo-Dioulasso: WAHO; 2016.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78648'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78648 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Overseas Development Institute. Child Poverty, Inequality
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78649'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78649 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
and Demography: Why Sub-Saharan Africa Matters for Sustainable Development Goals; 2016.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78650'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78650 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Population Reference Bureau. 2018 World Population
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78651'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78651 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Data Sheet. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau; 2018.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78652'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78652 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Alkema L, Chou D, Hogan D, Zhang S, Moller AB,
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78653'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78653 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Gemmill A, Fat DM, Boerma T, Temmerman M, Mathers C and Say L. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030 : a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. Lancet 2015; 6736(15):1–13.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78654'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78654 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Wängnerud L. Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78655'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78655 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Substantive Representation. Annual Review of Political Science
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78656'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78656 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
; 12:51–69. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.123839
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78657'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78657 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
London L. What Is a Human-Rights Based Approach to
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78658'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78658 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Health and Does It Matter. Health and Human Rights 2016; 10(1):65–80.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78659'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78659 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Arnett JJ. Emerging Adulthood. American Psychologist
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78660'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78660 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
; 55(5):469–480. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.55.5.469
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78661'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78661 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Anyidoho NA. Young People and Policy Narratives in
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78662'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78662 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
sub-Saharan Africa. Brighton: Future Agricultures Consortium; 2012. FAC Working PAper 32.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78663'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78663 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Nsamenang AB. Adolescence in sub-Saharan Africa: An
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78664'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78664 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Image constructed from Africa’s Triple Inheritance. In: Brown BB, Larson. RW, Saraswathi TS, eds. The World’s Youth: Adolescence in Eight Regions of the Globe. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2002: 61-104.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78665'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78665 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Anarfi JK and Owusu AY. The Making of a Sexual Being
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78666'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78666 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
in Ghana: The State, Religion and the Influence of Society as Agents of Sexual Socialization. Sexuality and Culture 2011; 15(1):1–18. doi:10.1007/s12119-010-9078-6
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78667'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78667 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
World Health Organization. Health for the World’s
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78668'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78668 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Adolescents A second chance in the second decade. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78669'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78669 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Heise L. Violence Against Women: An Integrated,
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78670'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78670 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Ecological Framework. Violence Against Women 1998; 4(3):262–290.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78671'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78671 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Dixon-Woods M, Cavers D, Agarwal S, Annandale E,
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78672'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78672 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Arthur A, Harvey J, Hsu R, Katbamna S, Olsen R, Smith L, Riley, R and Sutton AJ. Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2006; 6(35):1–13. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-35
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78673'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78673 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Female
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78674'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78674 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
genital mutilation/cutting: A global concern. 2016.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78675'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78675 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
OHCHR. Study on trafficking in persons in West Africa:
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78676'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78676 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
an analysis of the legal and political framework for the protection of victims. Geneva, Switzerland: OHCHR; 2003.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78677'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78677 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Ajuwon AJ, Olley BO, Akin-Jimoh I and Akintola O.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78678'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78678 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Sexual coercion: learning from the perspectives of adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Reproductive Health Matters 2001; 9:128–136.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78679'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78679 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
ACPF. National Study on School-Related Gender-Based
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78680'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78680 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Violence in Sierra Leone. Addis Ababa; 2010.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78681'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78681 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Atobrah D and Awedoba AK. Men Play, Women Break
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78682'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78682 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
the Town: Gender and Intergenerational Asymmetry in Sexual and Reproductive Worldview Among the Ga of Ghana. Sexuality & Culture 2017. doi:10.1007/s12119-017-9426-x
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78683'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78683 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Miller WB. Psychological vulnerability to unwanted
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78684'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78684 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
pregnancy. Family Planning Perspectives 1973; 5(4):199–201. doi:10.2307/2133968
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78685'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78685 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Jain S and Kurz K. New Insights on Preventing Child
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78686'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78686 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Marriage, 2007.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78687'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78687 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Adeokun LA, Ricketts OL, Ajuwon AJ and Ladipo OA.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78688'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78688 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge, Behaviour and Education Needs of In-School Adolescents in Northern Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health 2009; 13(4):37–49.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78689'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78689 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Woog V and Kågesten A. The Sexual and Reproductive
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78690'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78690 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Health Needs of Very Young Adolescents Aged 10 – 14 in Developing Countries: What Does the Evidence Show? New York: Guttmacher Institute; 2017.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78691'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78691 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Jolley E, Lynch P, Virendrakumar B, Rowe S and Schmidt
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78692'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78692 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
E. Education and social inclusion of people with disabilities in five countries in West Africa: a literature review. Disability and Rehabilitation 2018; 40(22):2704–2712. doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1353649
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78693'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78693 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
World Health Organization. Health for the world’s
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78694'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78694 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
adolescents. A second chance in the second decade: Recognizing Adolescence. WHO, 2014 [accessed 2020 Jan 20]. https://apps.who.int/adolescent/second-decade/section2/page1/recognizing-adolescence.html
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78695'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78695 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78696'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78696 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Organisation (UNESCO). Sexuality Education Review and Assessment Tool (SERAT)/Outil de Revue et Analyse de l’Education Sexuelle (SERAT), 2013 [accessed 2020 Feb 12]. https://hivhealthclearinghouse.unesco.org/library/documents/sexuality-education-review-and-assessment-tool-serat-0
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78697'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78697 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Ferguson G. Role of Mass Media in Social Norm Change:
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78698'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78698 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Lessons Learnt from the Change Starts at Home Intervention. What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls, 2019 [accessed 2020 Jan 19]. https://whatworksglobal.wordpress.com/2019/10/23/role-of-mass-media-in-social-norm-change-lessons-learnt-from-the-change-starts-at-home-intervention/
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78699'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78699 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative. A Whole
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78700'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78700 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
School Approach to Prevent School-Related Gender-based Violence: Minimum Standards and Monitoring Framework. New York, NY: United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative, 2018.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78701'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78701 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Jacobs J, Marino M, Edelman A, Jensen J and Darney B.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78702'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78702 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Mass media exposure and modern contraceptive use among married West African adolescents. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 2017; 22(6):439–449. doi:10.1080/13625187.2017.1409889
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78703'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78703 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Day A. Getting the ‘blues’: the existence, diffusion and
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78704'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78704 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
influence of pornography on young peoples’ sexual health in Sierra Leone. Culture, Health & Sexuality 2014; 16(2):178–189.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78705'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78705 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Kunnuji M. Online Sexual Activities and Sexual Risk-
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78706'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78706 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
taking among Adolescents and Young Adults in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health 2012; 16(2):207–217.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78707'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78707 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Asante F, Fenny A, Dzudzor M, Chadha M, Scriver S,
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78708'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78708 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Ballantine C, Raghavendra S, Sabir M and Duvvury N. Economic and Social Costs of Violence Against Women and Girls in Ghana: Country Technical Report. Galway: NUI Galway, 2019.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78709'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78709 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Trani JF, Browne J, Kett M, Bah O, Morlai T, Bailey N
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78710'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78710 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
and Groce N. Access to health care, reproductive health and disability: A large scale survey in Sierra Leone. Social Science and Medicine 2011; 73(10):1477–1489. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.040
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78711'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78711 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Isser D, Lubkemann SC and N’Tow S. Looking for
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78712'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78712 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Justice: Liberian Experiences with and Perceptions of Local Justice Options. Washington, DC: The United States Institute of Peace, 2009.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78713'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78713 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Center for Reproductive Rights, Women Advocates
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78714'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78714 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Research and Documentation Centre. Broken Promises: Human Rights, Accountability, and Maternal Death in Nigeria, 2008.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78715'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78715 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Hervish A and Clifton D. The Status Report on
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78716'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78716 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Adolescents and Young People in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities and Challenges, 2012.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78717'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78717 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
UNICEF. Early Child Marriage, A harmful traditional
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78718'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78718 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
practice: A statistical Exploration. New York: UNICEF, 2005.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78719'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78719 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Barrot J, Beah I, Ferrero-Waldner B, Gurjar OP, Lee Y,
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78720'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78720 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Ouedraogo AND, Polak H, Scardino M, Shriver TP, Solana J, Dato TS, Yassin MM and Velasco A. The State of the World’s Children: Celebrating 20 Years of the Convention on the Rights
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78721'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78721 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
of the Child. New York: UNICEF, 2009.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78722'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78722 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
UNICEF. Child Marriage: Latest trends and future
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78723'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78723 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
prospects. New York: UNICEF, 2018.
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78724'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78724 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Devries KM, Allen E, Child JC, Walakira E, Parkes J,
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78725'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78725 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Elbourne D, Watts C and Naker D. The Good Schools Toolkit to prevent violence against children in Ugandan primary schools: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14(1):232. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-232
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78726'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78726 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Devries KM, Knight L, Allen E, Parkes J, Kyegombe N
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78727'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78727 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
and Naker D. Does the Good Schools Toolkit Reduce Physical, Sexual and Emotional Violence, and Injuries, in Girls and Boys equally? A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial. Prevention Science 2017; 18:839–853. doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0775-3
(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '78728'
(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 78728 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC
Makleff S, Barindelli F, Zavala RI, Garduño J, Silva VI
and Marston C. Preventing intimate partner violence among young people. The role of comprehensive sexuality education. London: ALIGN, 2019.
(mysql): SELECT r.* FROM referrals r WHERE r.article_id = 2866 AND r.status = 2
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.






