1. Home
  2. Vol 29, No 11 (2025)
  3. Yu

Socio-environmental determinants of tuberculosis in South Africa

Annan Yu(1),


(1) School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong,999077, China
Corresponding Author

Abstract


Correlation analysis and trend analysis were employed to study the interaction of tuberculosis (TB) incidence with other socio environmental variables in South Africa from 2000 to 2020. The data were obtained from the United Nations database and World Development Indicators. Malnutrition, air pollution (PM2.5), population density, and urbanization were vital variables under study. Findings showed population density and malnutrition to be strongly and positively correlated with case detection of TB, and both correlations were statistically significant. Urbanization was weakly negatively correlated, whereas air pollution was weakly, non significantly positively correlated. Findings also showed overcrowding and undernutrition to be at the core of TB in South Africa. The study emphasized the need for specific interventions in food programs and shelter to check TB transmission and improve public health. The results highlighted the importance of integrating socio-environmental considerations into tuberculosis control policy to effectively manage the disease burden in high-risk environments

References


Hussain HH, Ibraheem NT, Al-Rubaey NKF, Radhi MM, Hindi

NKK. and AL-Jubori RHK. A review of airborne

contaminated microorganisms associated with human

diseases. Medical Journal of Babylon, 2022, 19(2), 115

Obeagu EI and Obeagu GU. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and

tuberculosis infection: A review of prevalence of associated

factors. Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res, 2023, 10(10), 56-62.

World Health Organization. National surveys of costs faced by

tuberculosis patients and their households 2015-2021.

World Health Organization, 2022.

Li T, Yan X, Du X, Huang F, Wang N, Ni N., ... and Jia, Z.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in China: a national

survey. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023,

, 69-77.

Sebothoma, K. J., Peu, M. D., Moagi, M. M., and Mshunqane, N.

(2024). Experiences of families living with tuberculosis

patients in the North West province, South Africa. Health

SA Gesondheid, 29(1).

Datiko DG, Habte D, Jerene D and Suarez P. Knowledge, attitudes,

and practices related to TB among the general population of

Ethiopia: findings from a national cross-sectional

survey. PloS one, 2019, 14(10), e0224196.

Lwin TT, Apidechkul T, Saising J, Upala P and Tamornpark R.

Barriers to accessing TB clinics among Myanmar TB

patients attending a Thailand‐Myanmar border hospital: a

qualitative approach. Journal of Health Research, 2022,

(2), 209-218.

World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2021

(Internet). 2021 Oct (cited 2025, May 19). Available from:

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240037021

Oyageshio OP, Myrick JW, Saayman J, van der Westhuizen L, Al

Hindi DR, Reynolds AW and Henn BM. Strong effect of

demographic changes on Tuberculosis susceptibility in

South Africa. PLOS Global Public Health, 2024, 4(7),

e0002643.

Vanleeuw L, Zembe-Mkabile W and Atkins S. “I’m suffering for

food”: food insecurity and access to social protection for TB

patients and their households in Cape Town, South

Africa. Plos one, 2022, 17(4), e0266356.

Tharumakunarajah R, Lee A, Hawcutt DB, Harman NL and Sinha

IP. The Impact of Malnutrition on the Developing Lung and

Long-Term Lung Health: A Narrative Review of Global

Literature. Pulmonary Therapy, 2024, 10(2), 155-170.

Krismanuel H and Hairunisa N. The effects of air pollution on

respiratory problems: a literature review. Poltekita: Jurnal

Ilmu Kesehatan, 2024, 18(1), 1-15.

Valencia-Aguirre, S, Arroyave I and García-Basteiro AL.

Educational level and tuberculosis mortality in Colombia:

growing inequalities and stagnation in reduction. Cadernos

de Saúde Pública, 2022, 38(1), e00031721.

Maja TF and Maposa D. An investigation of risk factors associated

with tuberculosis transmission in South Africa using

logistic

regression

model. Infectious

Reports, 2022, 14(4), 609-620.

Disease

Yu H, Yang J, Yan Y, Zhang H, Chen Q and Sun L. Factors

affecting the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis based on

the GTWR model in China, 2004–2021. Epidemiology and

Infection, 2024, 152, e65.

Matakanye H, Tshitangano TG, Mabunda JT and Maluleke TX.

Knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of TB and its treatment

amongst TB patients in the Limpopo Province, South

Africa. International journal of environmental research

and public health, 2021, 18(19), 10404.

Silva S, Arinaminpathy N, Atun R, Goosby E and Reid M.

Economic impact of tuberculosis mortality in 120 countries

and the cost of not achieving the Sustainable Development

Goals tuberculosis targets: a full-income analysis. The

Lancet Global Health, 2021, 9(10), e1372-e1379.

Zondo, NN. Environmental Factors Associated with Tuberculosis

Incidence and Mortality in Tshwane District, Gauteng

Province, South Africa. University of Johannesburg (South

Africa). 2022.

Asefa A, Bolka H and Woldesemayat EM. Determinants of

tuberculosis among adult people living with HIV on

antiretroviral therapy at public hospitals in Hawassa City,

South Ethiopia. Frontiers in Epidemiology, 2024, 4,

Zheng Y, Gong Z, Ajayi E O, and Aderemi TA. Female labour

participation and infant mortality in Nigeria: implication for

the Sustainable Development Goal 3. African Journal of

Reproductive Health, 2024, 28[3], 30-37.

Hao S, Yang H, Bi R, Akinbode SO, and Aderemi, TA. Effects of

remittances on life expectancy and under-five mortality in

sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence using Generalized Method of

Moments analysis. African Journal of Reproductive Health,

, October 2023, 27 (10), 87-98.

Zhou D, Bassey RA, Yan M, and Aderemi TA. Do health

expenditures affect under-five mortality and life

expectancy in ECOWAS sub-Region. African

Journal of Reproductive Health, 2023, 27(8), 105-113.

Jia H, Han X, Aderemi TA, Ifekwem NE, and Al-Faryan MA. Out

of pocket expenditure and human welfare in Nigeria:

Evidence from a fully modified ordinary least squares

regression. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2025,

(2), 151-157

Wang X, Seyler BC, Chen T, Jian W, Fu H, Di B, Pan J. Disparity

in healthcare seeking behaviors between impoverished and

non-impoverished populations with implications for

healthcare resource optimization. Humanities and Social

Sciences

Communications.

;11(1):1208.

https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03712-z

McAuliffe E, Renton B. TB or Not TB, That is the Question?

British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2024;85(10).

https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2024.0180

Jia Y, Fu B, Dong L, Zhao M. Sweet syndrome induced by SARS

CoV-2 vaccines: A systematic review of patient-report

studies.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.

;19(2):2217076.

https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2023.2217076

Xu K, Gao B, Li J, Xiang Y, Cao L, Zhao M. Clinical features,

diagnosis, and management of COVID-19 vaccine

associated

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease. Human

Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2023;19(2):2220630.

https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2023.2220630

Chen E, Chen C, Chen F, Yu P, Lin L. Positive association between

MIC gene polymorphism and tuberculosis in Chinese

population.

Immunology Letters. 2019;213:62–69.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2019.07.008


Full Text: PDF

Article Metrics

Abstract View : 331 times
PDF Download : 142 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.