1. Home
  2. Vol 29, No 6 (2025)
  3. Isika

Client satisfaction with the quality of maternal healthcare services among immunization clinic attendees in selected primary healthcare facilities in Cross River State, Nigeria: a rural - urban comparison

Anastasia I. Isika(1), Afiong O. Oku(2), Izuchukwu F. Obi(3), Angela Oyo-ita(4),


(1) Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
(2) Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
(3) Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria
(4) Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author

Abstract


The increasing number of maternal deaths is a major global health concern. Most causes of these deaths are preventable through provision of quality maternal healthcare services (MHS). Client satisfaction has been recognized as an important indicator of healthcare quality. This study aimed to compare client satisfaction with MHS in selected rural and urban health facilities in Cross River State. A cross-sectional comparative study conducted among 466 mothers accessing immunization services recruited using a systematic sampling technique. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 25, employing bivariate analysis at (p<0.05). The overall mean age of respondents was 26.51±5.8 years. A significantly higher proportion of clients in the urban (92.2%) compared to the rural (81.5%) were satisfied with MHS (p=0.001). Clients’ satisfaction level were significantly higher in the urban compared to the rural, (input: 56.4% rural, 76.1% urban, process: 85.8% rural, 93.7% urban; outcome: 96.2% rural, 100% urban). At bivariate analysis, only marital status was found to be associated with MHS satisfaction and among married women residing in urban setting. Therefore, interventions targeting improvement across all domains in the rural and input domain in the urban facilities is strongly recommended.

References


WHO. Maternal mortality [Internet]. [cited 2024 Apr 2].

Available

from:

https://www.who.int/news

room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality

UNFPA; UNICEF; WHO; World Bank Group and the United

Nations Population. Trends in maternal mortality

to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF,

UNFPA,

World

Bank

Group

and

UNDESA/Population Division . Sexual and

Reproductive Health. 2023 . 12 p.

Health Think Analytics. The Fate Of Maternal Health In

Nigeria Amidst The Global Pandemic, 2022.

Dauda R. Maternal Mortality in Nigeria: What is Known and

What Needs to be Done November 2023 Professor

Risikat Dauda, NESG Non-Resident Senior Fellow

& Faculty. 2023;(November).

World Health Organization. WHO | Maternal health . WHO.

World Health Organization; 2018

Donabedian A. The Quality of Care: How Can It Be

Assessed? JAMA J Am Med Assoc . 1988

;260(12):1743–8.

Donabedian A. Quality assessment and assurance: unity of

purpose, diversity of means. Inquiry. 1988 Jan

;25(1):173–92.

Wikipedia. Donabedian model - Wikipedia . 2021

Hulton LA, Matthews Z and Stones RW. Applying a

framework for assessing the quality of maternal

health services in urban India. Soc Sci Med

[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2020 Jul 7];64(10):2083–95.

Odira CC, Chiejina EN, Okafor CN, Maryann Ibekwe A, Cho

C and History M. Preconception Care Utilization

among Childbearing Women in South-East Nigeria.

Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2023-24 - Key

Indicators Report [PR157] |

National Population Commission, DHS Program. The

Federal Republic of Nigeria Nigeria Demographic

and Health Survey 2018

WHO. Maternal health in Nigeria: generating information for

action. Sex Reprod Health. 2019 ;11–3.

Aga TB, Ferede YM and Mekonen EG. Satisfaction and

associated factors towards inpatient health care

services among adult patients at Pawie General

Hospital, West Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 1;16(4

April).

Kaba Babure Z, Fekadu Assefa J and Weldemarium TD.

Maternal Satisfaction and Associated Factors

towards Delivery Service among Wollega Zone,

Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia, 2019

Manzoor F, Wei L, Hussain A, Asif M and Shah SIA. Patient

satisfaction with health care services; an application

of physician’s behavior as a moderator. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2019 Sep 2 [cited 2021

May 16];16(18).

Hussen MA and Worku BT. Quality of Antenatal Care

Service and Factors Associated with Client

Satisfaction at Public Health Facilities of Bele

Gasgar District. J Patient Exp. 2022 Mar 1 ;9.

Srivastava A, Avan BI, Rajbangshi P and Bhattacharyya S.

Determinants of women’s satisfaction with maternal

health care: A review of literature from developing

countries. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Dec 12

;15(1):97.

Babatola OH, Popoola RO, Olatubi MI and Adewoyin FR.

Patients’ Satisfaction with Health Care Services in

Selected Secondary Health Care Facilities in Ondo

State, Nigeria. J Fam Med Dis Prev. 2022;8(1):145.

Akinyinka MR, Oluwole EO and Odusanya OO. Predictors

of Client Satisfaction Among Recent Users of Health

Services in Lagos, Nigeria. Health Service Insights.

;13.

Lukpata FE, Nwakwue N, Lukpata HO, Tangban E, Anagor

CR and Mgbekem MA. Maternity Clients

Satisfaction with Client-Health Provider Interaction

in State-owned Secondary Health Facilities in Cross

River State. Glob J Health Sci];12(12):53.

Cross River State, Nigeria - Maryland Sister States

Nigeria Galleria. Brief History of Cross-River State:: Nigeria

Information & Guide. Nigeriagalleria.Com. 2017

Health CRSM of. Human Resources for Health Situation

Analysis of Cross River State, Nigeria, 2014. 1–30 p.

Edu BC, Agan TU, Monjok E and Makowiecka K. Effect of

free maternal health care program on health-seeking

behavior of women during pregnancy, intra-partum

and postpartum periods in Cross River State of

Nigeria: A mixed method study. Maced J Med Sci.

Jun 15;5(3):370–82.

Behind the 66%: Pathfinder International Initiative helps

reduce maternal deaths in Cross River | by Nigeria

Health Watch | Medium.

Theresa A Scott. Sample Size Planning, Calculation, and

Justification.

Vanderbilt Univ Dep Biostat.

;(92/07/2011):1–12.

Odetola TD, Fakorede EO. Assessment of perinatal care

satisfaction amongst mothers attending postnatal

care in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ann Glob Heal. 2018 Apr

;84(1):36–46.

Sayyadi BM, Gajida AU, Garba R and Ibrahim UM.

Assessment of maternal health services: A

comparative study of urban and rural primary health

facilities in Kano State, Northwest Nigeria. Pan Afr

Med J. 2021;38.

Yaya S, Bishwajit G, Ekholuenetale M, Shah V, Kadio B

andUdenigwe O. Urban-rural difference in

satisfaction with primary healthcare services in

Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017 Nov

;17(1):776.

Utoo BT, Laima CH, Rabiu AB, Muhammad S, Oyeniyi CF,

Egwu O. Mother’s Satisfaction with Delivery

Services and Intended Future Utilization at Federal

Teaching Hospital, Gombe, North-Eastern, Nigeria.

Eur J Clin Med. 2023 May 10;4(3):5–11.

Habimana E, Nyirigira G, Sendegeya A, Minega JN,

Mukamana F, Ngarambe C. Clients’ satisfaction of

maternity care at a public referral teaching hospital,

in Rwanda: case of University Teaching Hospital of

Butare (CHUB). Pan Afr Med J [Internet]. 2022 Jan

;41(150).

Dulá J, Chicumbe S and Martins M do RO. Determinants of

pregnant women’s satisfaction with interactions with

health providers at antenatal consultation in primary

health care in Southern Mozambique in 2021: a

cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.

Dec 1 ;24(1):165.

Esan DT, Sokan-Adeaga AA and Rasaq NO. Assessment of

satisfaction with delivery care among mothers in

selected health care facilities in Ekiti state. J Public

health Res. 2022 ;11(4).

Ango JT, Oche MO, Kaoje AU, Constance SE, Raji IA.

Clients’ satisfaction with maternal and child health

services in primary health care centers in Sokoto

metropolis, Nigeria. Edorium J Matern Child Health.

;2(2):9–18.

Amare Wudu M and Bekalu YE. Quality of Antenatal Care

in Public Health Facilities of Dessie Town,

Northeastern Ethiopia, 2022. J Patient Exp . 2023 Jan

;10:

Tesleem K. B and Ifeoma P O. Client satisfaction with

maternal and child health care services at a public

specialist hospital in a Nigerian Province. Türkiye

Halk Sağlığı Derg. 2016 Dec 31 ;14(3):117–117.

Olamuyiwa TE and Adeniji FO. Patient’s Satisfaction With

Quality of Care at a National Health Insurance Clinic

at a Tertiary Center, South-South Nigeria. J Patient

Exp 2021;8:

Ajayi AI. “I am alive; my baby is alive”: Understanding

reasons for satisfaction and dissatisfaction with

maternal health care services in the context of user

fee removal policy in Nigeria. Sawyer A, editor.

PLoS One 2019 Dec 23 ;14(12):

Sannia Perwaiz Iqbal1* and Waris Qidwai. The Influence of

Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Patient

Satisfaction in Family Medicine Clinics of Karachi.

Liaquat Natl J Prim Care . 2021

Aljarallah NA, Almuqbil M, Alshehri S, Khormi AMS,

AlReshaidan RM, Alomran FH. Satisfaction of patients

with health care services in tertiary care facilities of

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional approach.

Front Public Health. 2023 ;10


Full Text: PDF

Article Metrics

Abstract View : 686 times
PDF Download : 248 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.