Despite commitments and interventions, Female Genital Mutilations (FGM) practice persists in West African countries. This research analyzes the effect of living conditions on FGM practice. Data were sourced from thirty-four demographic and health surveys conducted between 1995 and 2020 in 12 countries. The study sample consisted of 69,971 adolescent girls aged 15-19 years. Meta-regression analysis and binary logistic regression analyses showed the effect and relative contribution of study covariates on the phenomenon. The overall average prevalence of FGM is 40.7%, with a mixed effect of living conditions on FGM practice. The factors associated with FGM practice are, in order of importance, religion, level of education, ethnicity and place of residence. All factors have a direct effect on the studied phenomenon, and the level of education acts as an inhibiter of the effect of living conditions. The study suggests the need to strengthen the involvement of religious, traditional and community leaders in the definition and implementation of actions to combat FGM, as well as girl’s education, especially by maintaining them in school till completion of at least secondary school. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[12s]: 27-37).

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Agbodji AE, Batana YM and Ouédraogo D. Gender

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inequality in multidimensional welfare deprivation in

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West Africa: The case of Burkina Faso and Togo.

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International Journal of Social Economics 2015; 42:

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-1004.

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Westerveld R, Ross FJ, Parkes J, Heslop J and Unterhalter E.

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Addressing School-Related Gender Based Violence

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in Côte d’Ivoire: A Scoping Study, UCL Institute of

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Education (2017). Available at:

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https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10027909/7/Par

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kes_Addressing%20SRGBV%20Cross%20Country

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%20report_2017.pdf

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OMS. Lignes directrices de l’OMS sur la prise en charge des

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complications des mutilations sexuelles féminines

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[WHO guidelines on the management of health

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complications from female genital mutilation].

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Genève : Organisation mondiale de la Santé (2018).

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Available at:

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https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272

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/9789242549645-fre.pdf?ua=1

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OMS. Orientations sur les aspects éthiques à prendre en

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considération pour planifier et examiner des

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recherches sur la santé sexuelle et reproductive des

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adolescents. Genève, Organisation mondiale de la

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Santé, (2019). Available at:

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https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311

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/9789242514605-fre.pdf?ua=1

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UNICEF. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: a global

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concern UNICEF, New York, (2016). Available at:

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UNICEF. Female genital mutilation. New York, Fonds des

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Nations Unies pour l’enfance, (2018).

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PRB. Female genital mutilation/cutting: data and trends.

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Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau;

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(2017). Available at: https://www.prb.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/02/FGMC_Poster_2017-1.pdf

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UNICEF. Female genital mutilation: what might the future

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hold? New York, Fonds des Nations Unies pour

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l’enfance, (2014). Disponible à :

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https://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGMC_Report_7_15_Final_LR.pdf

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Kpozehouen A, Glele Ahanhanzo Y, Klikpo E, Azandjame

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C, Chabi A, Sossa Jerome C, Paraiso M. J, & Ouendo

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EM. Female Genital Mutilation in Benin: Prevalence

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and Associated Factors Based on Data from the

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Demographic and Health Survey, 2011-2012. World

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Journal of Public Health 2019; 4(4) : 74-80.

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https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20190404.11

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Andro A et Lesclingand M. "Female Genital Mutilation.

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Overview and Current Knowledge", Population, vol.

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, no. 2, 2016, pp. 217-296.

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https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.1602.0224.

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Acotchéou P, Saizonou J, Affo A, Mongbo V & Dansou J.

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Effet des conditions de vie sur le mariage des

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adolescentes en Afrique de l’Ouest : une métaanalyse des données individuelles des Enquêtes

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Démographiques et de Santé. Revue Africaine des

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Sciences Sociales et de la Santé Publique 2021 ; 3(1) :

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-155. http://www.revuerasp.org/index.php/rasp/article/view/107/70

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Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et Altman DG.

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Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses BMJ

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; 327 : 55.

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https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557

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Andro A et Lesclingand M. Les mutilations génitales

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féminines. État des lieux et des connaissances.

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Population, 2016 ; 71 (2) : 224-311.

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https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.1602.0224

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Doucet MH, Delamou A, Manet H, Groleau D. Correction

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à : Au-delà de la volonté: les conditions

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d'empowerment nécessaires pour abandonner les

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mutilations génitales féminines à Conakry (Guinée),

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une ethnographie focalisée. Reprod Health. 2020 ; 17

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(1) :113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-00951-

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Cherkaoui M. La complexité du social et la méthode

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sociologique selon Durkheim, Raymond Boudon

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éd., Durkheim fut-il durkheimien ? Actes du colloque

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organisé les 4 et 5 nov. 2008 par l'Académie des

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Sciences morales et politiques. Armand Colin, 2011 ;

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-98.

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https://doi.org/10.3917/arco.boudo.2011.01.0081

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Sow F. Mutilations sexuelles féminines et droits humains en

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Afrique, Clio. Histoire‚ femmes et sociétés 1997 ;

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(1) 6. Available at:

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http://journals.openedition.org/clio/384.

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https://doi.org/10.4000/clio.384

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Maïga A et Baya B. Perpétuation intergénérationnelle de la

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pratique de l’excision au Burkina Faso. Démographie

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et Cultures, Association Internationale des

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Démographes de Langue Française (AIDELF). Actes

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(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '103238'  

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du Colloque international de Québec (Canada, 25-29

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août) 2008 ; 637-654.

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https://www.erudit.org/fr/livres/actes-des-colloquesde-lassociation-internationale-des-demographes-delangue-francaise/demographie-cultures-actescolloque-quebec-2008/001528co/

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Abdulah DM, Sedo BA and Dawson A. Female Genital

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Mutilation in Rural Regions of Iraqi Kurdistan: A

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Cross-Sectional Study. Public health reports 2019;

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(5) : 514–521.

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https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354919860512

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Shabila NP. Changes in the prevalence and trends of female

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genital mutilation in Iraqi Kurdistan Region between

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and 2018. BMC women's health 2021; 21(Avr):

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-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01282-9

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Koski A and Heymann J. Changes in support for the

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continuation of female genital mutilation/cutting and

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religious views on the practice in 19 countries. Global

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public health 2019; 14(5), 696–708.

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https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2018.1542016

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Mostafa A, Gaballah SA and Amin GE. Determinants of

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disagreement with female genital mutilation/cutting

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of future daughters and awareness of the ban among

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Egyptian university students. Reproductive health

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; 17 : 91-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-

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-00941-8

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Couchard F. L’excision, Paris, Presses universitaires de

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France, Que sais-je ? 2003 :128.

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Thiam A. La parole aux négresses. Préface de Benoîte

Groult, Paris, Denoël/Gonthier, Femme, 1978 :189