Community Norms About Youth Condom Use in Western Kenya: Is Transition Occurring?
), Eunice Muthengi Karei(2), Albert Obbuyi(3), Vidalyne Omollo(4),
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
Corresponding Author
Abstract
Most HIV prevention strategies for African youth have been ineffective in changing key behaviors like condom use, partly because community antagonism and structural barriers have rarely been addressed. Through qualitative research in rural Western Kenya, we sought to describe the attitudes of different segments of society towards youth condom use and to identify where transitions may be occurring. We found that about half of community members strongly opposed youth condom use, with many advocating punishment such as beatings and expulsion. Our research revealed significant differences in attitudes by gender, with females generally more opposed to youth condom use. Health providers, teachers and male students seemed to be transitioning to more permissive attitudes. They also had more accurate knowledge about the condom. Building on these transitional views, we would recommend that schools eliminate sanctions for students found with condoms and that clinics discourage providers from interrogating youths about their reasons for wanting condoms. Furthermore, we believe that health campaigns should portray condoms as “disaster preparedness” devices for responsible youths, and more efforts should be made to dispel myths about condoms’ efficacy (Afr J Reprod Health 2012 (Special Edition); 16[2]: 241-252).
Résumé
La plupart des stratégies pour la prévention du VIH à l’égard de la jeunesse africaine n’ont pas été efficaces quant aux modifications des comportements clé comme l’utilisation des préservatifs, dû en partie au fait qu’on a à peine abordé l’antagonisme communautaire et les obstacles structuraux. A partir d’une étude qualitative au Kenya de l’Ouest rural, nous avons essayé de décrire les attitudes des secteurs différents de la société envers l’utilisation des préservatifs et d’identifier là où peut-être se produisent les transitions. Nous avons découvert qu’à peu près une moitié des membres de la communauté s’opposaient fermement à l’utilisation des préservatifs, beaucoup d’entre eux préconisant la punition telles la correction et l’expulsion. Notre étude a révélé de différences significatives dans les attitudes basées sur les sexes, les femmes étant en général les plus opposées à l’utilisation des préservatifs par la jeunesse. Les dispensateurs de soins, les enseignants et les étudiants mâles semblaient être en mesure de passer vers des attitudes plus permissives. Ils a avaient une connaissance plus précises des préservatifs. En nous basant sur les opinions traditionnelles, nous recommandons que les écoles éliminent les sanctions pour les étudiants qui ont des préservatifs en leur possession et que les cliniques découragent les dispensateurs d’interroger les jeunes gens pour savoir pourquoi ils ont besoin des préservatifs. De plus, nous sommes convaincus que les campagnes sanitaires doivent présenter les préservatifs comme des dispositions à « combattre le désastre » pour les jeunes gens responsables et il faut faire
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