The role of self-esteem and self-efficacy in women empowerment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
), Heba A Ibrahim(2), Wafaa T Elgzar(3), Hanan A El Sayed(4), Rasha M Essa(5), Tulip A Abdelghaffar(6),
(1) Family Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
(2) Maternity and Childhood Nursing Department, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Woman Health Nursing, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
(3) Maternity and Childhood Nursing Department, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
(4) Assistance Medical Science Department, Community College, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia
(5) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Nursing, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
(6) Consultant of Vice rector for development and quality, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
Corresponding Author
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the role of self-esteem and self-efficacy in women empowerment among academic and administrative staff at Saudi universities. A cross-sectional design was carried out at 15 governmental universities. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 5587 participants. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the predictive relation. Data collection included socio-demographic variables, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, general self-efficacy scale, and women empowerment scale. The results indicated that study participants' self-esteem was equally distributed between moderate (49.8%) and high (50.2%). Also, 66.9% of the participants had high self-efficacy, and 86.8% had high total women's empowerment. Regression coefficient showed that self-esteem (B=0.521, b=0.127, t=13.785 and p<0.001) and self-efficacy (B=2.388, b=0.702, t=76.049 and p<0.001) are important predictors of the total women empowerment. However, self-efficacy was observed to be the most dominant predictor (t=76.049). The total model summary shows that 73.4% of the women empowerment level can be predicted through self-esteem and self-efficacy. The study results can be used as a base to build women empowerment programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and help to achieve the 2030 KSA vision regarding women empowerment. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[1s]: 69-78).
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