Who is being Served Least by Family Planning Providers? A Study of Modern Contraceptive Use in Ghana, Tanzania and Zimbabwe

Steve Clements(1), Nyovani Madise(2),


(1) Nairawebs Design
(2) 
Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study was conducted to identify the poorest and other vulnerable sub-groups being served least by family planning providers. The study was set in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa, namely, Ghana, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. This region generally has a low but increasing uptake of modern contraceptive methods. As the use of family planning providers increases, there is a need to understand who is not being served and why. Logistic regression analyses of demographic and health survey data were conducted to identify the characteristics and geographical areas of women who are not using modern contraceptive methods. The results show some similarities among the countries in those using modern methods the least. However, a number of groups were country specific. Identifying the poorest women with the lowest use of modern methods is best done by assessing their household amenities or their partner's status rather than theirs. (Afr J Reprod Health 2004; 8[2]: 124-136)

 

Keywords: Contraceptive use, sub-Saharan Africa, poverty


References


World Bank. Family planning as a service. In: World Development Report. Chapter 7. Oxford: Oxford University Press,

Alan Guttmacher Institute. Hopes and Realities: Closing the Gap between Women's Aspirations and their ReproductiveExperiences. New York: Alan Guttamacher Institute, 1998.

Central Statistical Office (Zimbabwe) and Macro International Inc. Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, 1994. Calverton: Central Statistical Office and Macro International Inc., 1995.

Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and Macro International Inc. (MI). Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 1998. Calverton: GSS and MI, 1999.

Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania) and Macro International Inc. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 1996. Calverton: Bureau of Statistics and Macro International, 1997.

Ross J, Stover J and Wilard A. Profiles for Family Planning and Reproductive Health Programs. Glastonbury: The Futures Group International, 2000.

Jain A. Should eliminating unmet need for contraception continue to be a program priority. IntFamPlannPersp 1999; 25(Supplement): S39-S43, S49.

National Research Council. Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1993.

Curtis SL and Neitzel K. Contraceptive knowledge, use, and sources. Demographic and Health Surveys Comparative Studies No. 19. Calverton: Macro International Inc., 1996.

Cleland J and Rodriguez G. The effect of parental education on marital fertility in developing countries. Pop Stud 1988; 42(3): 419-442.

Falkingham J and Namazie C. Measuring health and poverty: a review of approaches to identifying the poor. London: DFID Health Systems Resource Centre, 2002.

Krause SK, Jones RK and Purdin SJ. Programmatic responses to refugees' reproductive health needs. IntFamPlannPersp 2000; 26(4): 181-187.

Demographic and Health Surveys. Demographic and Health Surveys STATcompiler [online]. Measure DHS+, 2001. Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com

Mamdani M, Garner P, Harpham T and Campbell O. Fertility and contraceptive use in poor urban areas of developing countries. Health Pol Plann 1993; 8(1): 1-18.

Zulu EM, Ezeh AC and Dodoo FN. Slum Residence and Sexual Outcomes: Early Findings of Causal Linkages inNairobi, Kenya. Working Paper No.17. Nairobi: African Population and Health Research Center, 2000.

Thomas D and Maluccio J. Contraceptive Choice, Fertility and Public Policy in Zimbabwe. Living Standards Measurement Study Working Paper No. 109. Washington DC: World Bank, 1995.

Guilkey DK and Jayne S. Fertility transition in Zimbabwe: determinants of contraceptive use and method choice. Pop Stud 1997; 51(2): 173-189.

Oliver R. Contraceptive use in Ghana. The Role of Service Availability, Quality and Price. Living Standards Measurement Study Working Paper No. 111. Washington DC: World Bank, 1995.

Rasch V, Silberschmidt M, Mchumvu Y and Mmary V. Adolescent girls with illegally induced abortion in Dar es Salaam:

the discrepancy between sexual behaviour and lack of access to contraception. Reprod Health Matters 2000; 8(15):

-62.

Mroz TA, Bollen KA, Speizer IS and Mancini DJ. Quality, accessibility, and contraceptive use in rural Tanzania. Demography 1999; 36(1): 23-40.

Jato MN, Simbakalia C, Tarasevich JM, Awasum DN, Kihinga CN and Ngirwamungu E. The impact of multimedia family planning promotion on contraceptive behavior of women in Tanzania. IntFamPlannPersp 1999; 25(2): 60-67.

Rogers EM, Vaughan PW, Swalehe RM, Rao N, Svenkerud P and Sood S. Effects of an entertainment-education radio soap opera on family planning behavior in Tanzania. Stud FamPlann 1999; 30(3): 193-211.

Madise N, Stephenson R, Matthews Z and Holmes D. Impact of estimation techniques on regression analyses: an application to survey data on child nutritional status in five African countries. Math Pop Stud (In press).

Caldwell JC and Caldwell P. The cultural context of high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Pop Dev Rev 1987; 13(3): 409-437.

Nazzar A, Adongo PB, Binka FN, Phillips JE and Debpuur C. Developing a culturally appropriate family planning program for the Navrongo experiment. Stud FamPlann 1995; 26(6): 307-324.


Full Text: PDF

Article Metrics

Abstract View : 515 times
PDF Download : 280 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.